Common Causes of Infertility

If you’re finding it challenging to conceive, you might be concerned about potential fertility issues. This is a common experience, affecting approximately one in seven couples.

Primary Causes of Infertility

1. Male Factors: Issues such as low sperm quality or ejaculation problems contribute to about 30% of infertility cases.
2. Ovulation Problems: These account for around 25% of infertility cases in women.
3. Fallopian Tube Damage: Damage to the fallopian tubes is responsible for about 20% of female infertility.

Other Influencing Factors

• Endometriosis: A condition affecting up to half of women with fertility issues, endometriosis can disrupt ovulation and damage the uterus and fallopian tubes.
• Additional Conditions: Problems in the womb or pelvic area, issues during fertilization, or embryo development complications can also impact fertility.

Combined and Unexplained Infertility

• In 40% of infertility cases, both partners have contributing factors.
• About 25% of couples face unexplained infertility, where the exact cause remains unknown.

The positive news is that most couples experiencing infertility eventually have a healthy baby. Approximately 85% conceive within a year, and of those who don’t, half conceive in the following year. Fertility treatments further enhance these chances.

Also read: Navigating Ovulation with Irregular Cycles: A Comprehensive Guide

Causes and Solutions for Ovulation and Egg Issues

Common Causes

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal disorder affecting ovulation.
• Thyroid Issues: Both overactive and underactive thyroid can disrupt ovulation.
• Pituitary Gland Problems: Conditions like hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and hyperprolactinaemia affect hormone levels and ovulation.
• Premature Ovarian Failure: Early cessation of ovulation before age 40.

Symptoms

• PCOS: Irregular or absent periods, thinning hair, excessive hair growth, oily skin, acne, and weight gain.
• Thyroid Issues: Variations in sleep, weight fluctuations, and mood changes.
• Other Ovarian Problems: Irregular periods or absence of menstruation, hot flashes, and night sweats.

Solutions

• Weight Management: Achieving a healthy weight can restart ovulation.
• Thyroid Medication: Proper medication can normalize fertility.
• Other Treatments: Include ovulation-inducing medication, laparoscopic surgery, IVF, and using donor eggs.

Causes and Solutions for Blocked Fallopian Tubes

Common Causes

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Often from sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia.
• Surgical Scar Tissue: Previous surgeries in the pelvic area.
• Endometriosis and Fibroids: Can cause blockages and scarring.

Symptoms

• Variable: Some women have no symptoms, while others experience painful periods, pain during sex, or pelvic pain.

Solutions

• Minor Surgery: To clear small blockages.
• IVF: For more severe damage to the fallopian tubes.

Male Fertility Problems

Common Issues

• Sperm Problems: Low count, poor motility, or abnormal shape.
• Ejaculation Issues: Such as delayed or retrograde ejaculation.
• Testicular Problems: Due to infection, surgery, or injury.
• Low Hormone Levels: Affecting libido and erection.

Symptoms

• Sperm Issues: Detected through sperm analysis.
• Ejaculation Problems: Noticed during sex or masturbation.
• Testicular Issues: Pain, discomfort, or lumps.
• Low Hormone Symptoms: Low sex drive, erectile difficulties, and hot flashes.

Solutions

• Hormonal Treatments: For hormone-related sperm issues.
• Medication and Lifestyle Changes: For ejaculation problems.
• Surgery: To remove blockages.
• IVF and ICSI: For severe cases, including the use of donor sperm if necessary.

Diagnosing Infertility

Initial Steps

• Visit Your GP: For basic tests and examinations.
• Specialist Referral: If the GP cannot determine the cause or if complex treatments are needed.

Additional Resources

• Ovulation Calculator: To help track fertility.
• Fertility Tests: Understanding what to expect.
• Age and Conception: Information on how age affects fertility.
• Assisted Conception: Insights into treatments like IVF.

Understanding and addressing the common causes of infertility can significantly improve your chances of conceiving. Consulting with healthcare professionals and exploring various treatment options can lead to a successful pregnancy.

Also read: Navigating Ovulation with Irregular Cycles: A Comprehensive Guide