Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy

What is Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that occurs due to an imbalance of the natural bacteria in the vagina. It’s a condition that approximately one in eight women may experience during pregnancy, making it a significant concern for expecting mothers. BV happens when there are not enough “good” bacteria, known as lactobacilli, in the vagina. These bacteria are essential because they produce lactic acid, creating a slightly acidic environment that inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria. When lactobacilli levels drop, the vaginal environment becomes less acidic, allowing other bacteria to multiply and potentially lead to BV.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of BV

One of the challenging aspects of BV is that it often presents without symptoms, with about half of the women who have BV being unaware of their condition. However, when symptoms do occur, they usually involve a thin white or grey discharge with a distinctive fishy odor, especially noticeable after sexual intercourse. If you experience these symptoms during pregnancy, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis.

To diagnose BV, your doctor will take a sample of your vaginal discharge and test it to determine the presence of BV or other infections. Sometimes, you may receive immediate results, but in other cases, lab results may take up to a week.

Impact of BV on Pregnancy

For most women, BV may not significantly affect pregnancy, especially if no symptoms are present. However, untreated BV with symptoms can lead to complications, particularly in women who have had issues in previous pregnancies. Potential complications include preterm labor, late miscarriage, and uterine infection after childbirth.

Women who have had a previous preterm birth may be tested for BV in subsequent pregnancies, as treating BV before 20 weeks of pregnancy might reduce the risk of another premature birth. While the exact link between BV and pregnancy complications is not entirely understood, and BV is not classified as a sexually transmitted disease, it can increase susceptibility to certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including chlamydia and HIV. Women with HIV who have BV are also at a higher risk of transmitting the virus to their baby.

Also read: Understanding HIV and AIDS in Pregnancy

Treatment Options for BV During Pregnancy

If diagnosed with BV during pregnancy, the primary treatment is a course of antibiotics, which can be taken orally or as a vaginal gel. These antibiotics are safe for pregnant women and effectively clear the infection. However, it’s important to complete the entire course of treatment, even if symptoms disappear. The most common antibiotic used is Metronidazole, which may cause some side effects like nausea or a metallic taste in the mouth.

While antibiotics are effective, BV symptoms can return in more than half of the women treated, often within three months. This recurrence happens because antibiotics eliminate both harmful and beneficial bacteria, disrupting the natural balance in the vagina. If symptoms persist or recur, it’s essential to consult your doctor. Additional treatments that help restore the vaginal pH balance may also be recommended, although their effectiveness varies.

Preventing BV

Preventing BV can be challenging since the exact cause is not fully understood. However, several steps can reduce the risk:

• Safe Sexual Practices: Using condoms, particularly with new sexual partners, can reduce the risk of BV.
• Quit Smoking: Smoking is harmful during pregnancy and increases the risk of BV.
• Proper Hygiene: Wash the genital area with pH-neutral, unscented soap and avoid douching or using scented products in the vaginal area.

There’s also some evidence that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the development of BV. Vitamin D is essential for a healthy immune system, and it is recommended to take a daily supplement during pregnancy. Consult your healthcare provider if you’re not already taking vitamin D.

Conclusion

Bacterial Vaginosis in pregnancy is a common condition that can often be managed effectively with the right treatment. Awareness and early intervention are key to preventing potential complications. If you suspect you have BV, don’t hesitate to consult your healthcare provider for testing and appropriate treatment. Taking preventive measures, such as maintaining good hygiene and practicing safe sex, can also help reduce your risk.

Also read: Thrush and Fertility: Understanding the Connection