What Is Colostrum? Everything You Need to Know

Colostrum is the first breast milk your body produces, packed with essential nutrients and antioxidants. Often referred to as “liquid gold,” this yellowish milk appears right after birth, offering numerous benefits to your newborn. It strengthens their immune system, protects against jaundice, and aids in their first bowel movement. If you’re a new parent with questions about colostrum, including its duration, how much your baby needs, and what to do if your baby has trouble latching, this guide will provide you with the answers you need.

What Does Colostrum Contain?

Colostrum is a nutritional powerhouse tailored for a newborn’s system, containing vital disease-fighting substances. “Colostrum is a baby’s first superfood,” says Kara Thornton, IBCLC, lactation consultant at Via Lactea. It’s rich in immune components like immunoglobulins and lactoferrin, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, explains Jenelle Ferry, M.D., neonatologist at Pediatrix Medical Group. Additionally, colostrum is higher in protein and lower in fat than mature milk, making it perfectly suited for a newborn’s nutritional needs.

What Does Colostrum Look Like?

Colostrum usually has a yellowish color, earning it the nickname “liquid gold.” It can also be clear, white, or orange, which is normal. In terms of consistency, colostrum is thick and sticky, similar to honey. This unique appearance and texture are part of what makes colostrum so special and beneficial for newborns.

When Does Colostrum Come In?

Your body starts producing colostrum as early as 12-18 weeks of pregnancy. By the third trimester, many expectant parents can express a small amount by hand, and some may notice colostrum leaking. This early production ensures that colostrum is ready to nourish your baby immediately after birth.

When Do You Start Leaking Colostrum?

Leaking colostrum can start in the second trimester. It might appear as a crusty yellow substance on your breasts or inside your bra. However, if you don’t leak colostrum, that’s perfectly normal too. Leaking colostrum is not an indicator that labor is imminent; it can happen weeks or months before delivery.

The Benefits of Colostrum for Babies

Colostrum is crucial for your baby’s early development, offering numerous benefits, especially for their immune system. “Colostrum is rich in immunoglobulins and other anti-infection proteins,” says Cindy Rubin, M.D., IBCLC, a pediatrician and breastfeeding specialist. It helps protect newborns from infections while their immune system develops. Colostrum is full of white blood cells and antibodies that combat pathogens like salmonella, E. coli, and rotavirus. Other benefits include:

Priming your baby’s gut microbiome.
Helping your baby pass their first poop (meconium).
Providing just the right amount of milk for their small tummy.
Protecting against jaundice.
Preventing low blood sugar issues.
Offering balanced nutrition.

How Long Does Colostrum Last?

Colostrum is produced from the middle of pregnancy and continues through the first few days after birth. It typically lasts for the first 2-4 days postpartum before transitioning to mature milk.

Colostrum vs. Breast Milk: What’s the Difference?

The primary difference between colostrum and mature breast milk is the timing of production. Colostrum is available immediately after birth, while mature milk is produced later. Mature milk is higher in fat and carbohydrates, has a whitish color, and is thinner than colostrum. The volume of mature milk is also significantly greater than that of colostrum.

How Much Colostrum Does a Newborn Need?

Although colostrum is produced in small amounts, it’s perfectly suited for a newborn’s tiny stomach. The American Pregnancy Association states that new parents typically produce 1-4 teaspoons of colostrum per day. During the first 24 hours, about 5-15 milliliters (ml) of colostrum is produced, matching the size of a newborn’s stomach, which is about the size of a cherry.

Expressing Colostrum if Your Baby Isn’t Nursing

If direct breastfeeding isn’t possible initially, you can express colostrum and feed it to your baby. Hand expressing is often more effective than using a breast pump due to colostrum’s thick consistency. Feed the colostrum first, using a spoon, cup, or bottle, and then offer formula if needed. This ensures your baby gets the maximum benefits of colostrum.

How to Get Help

If you have concerns about colostrum or breastfeeding, consult with an OB-GYN, midwife, or lactation consultant. These professionals can provide guidance and support to ensure your baby receives the best possible start in life. Remember, every parent’s breastfeeding journey is unique, and it’s okay to seek help and reassurance along the way.